History of the Computer 2

The exact measurements of the first computer were 8.5 feet (2.6 m) by 3 feet (0.9 m) by 80 feet (26 m) and taking up 680 square feet (63 m2). ARPnet was the first internet. the first world wide web was called WorldWideWeb and was created in the 1990’s. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak developed the Apple I computer in a garage behind their parent’s home and Jobs is still with Apple today. Apple Easter Eggs are little icons or applications that can make your computer faster, more useful, or more fun. In the next ten years, I think computers will become a part of our everyday lives, more than they are now. I think we will need computers for everything from getting dressed and eating breakfast in the morning to dinner at night. They already have movies out about houses run by computers and I’m sure our society is not to far from that.

Pirates of Silicon Valley

I rate this movie 4 stars because it really showed the actual events that occurred to create these huge companies. It showed how Jobs and Gates were before they came up with the idea to start these new companies and how it all came about. Jobs started constructing computers with his partner, Wozniak, in a small garage, while Gates was building computer software in a motel warehouse. Jobs became more successful than Gates in the beginning when he created the Apple company and making new computers almost every year. Although Steve Jobs has a brilliant mind, he is not very good with his employees and had them working crazy hours and when he got mad, he would yell at his employees, but his products were better and his company had culture. Gates was a lot more laid back with his employees, but they had no culture it was a typical suit and tie business. Gates wanted Jobs’ computers, so he tricked Jobs into trusting  him with a new computer prototype. Of course, Gates stole the idea from the Apple prototype and ended up using it for his computer designs.

It’s very ironic that Steve Jobs was more successful in the beginning with his own ideas, but Bill Gates became teh wealthiest man in the world after stealing Steve Jobs’ ideas. I thought this movie was very interesting and now I know a lot more about the background of computers and technology overall. I would have liked to see Steve Jobs and Bill Gates get along better and gain that trust so they could merge their companies. That would have been pretty amazing, but they are still very brilliant, inspiring, and successful men.

 Bill Gates – created Microsoft

 Steve Jobs – created Apple

History of the Computer

Scelbi

Altair

IBM 5100

Apple I and II

TRS 80

CPET

History of Photography

Daguerreotype was invented by a man named Daguerre. This was a great invention because it was a step up from the camera obscura. It was a great invention, but it did have some disadvantages. For example, it took way too long to be developed and it could not be duplicated so there was only one of every picture.

Calotype images were invented by William Fox Talbot. An image was exposed to light-sensitive paper, producing a paper negative. This was another great invention because these images could be duplicated an unlimited number of times.

This is an example of a photo made by using the Wet Collodion Process which was invented by a man named Archer. This had many advantages. For example, it was faster and the exposure time was reduced from half an hour to 2-3 seconds. It was also cheaper, but the photo had to be immediately exposed and developed while it was wet.

This is a photo made by the Dry Plate Process which was invented by Richard Maddox. Glass plates were coated in gelatin and it was still a step up in photography, but photography was still too complicated for the public. Photo emulsion is a layer of light sensitive material coated in a substrate. Eastman Kodak created the company Kodak from his last name. Instant photography happened a lot faster than the previous photography inventions.

This is the first photo of a human being by Louis Daguuerre.

The Linotype Machine

The typewriter is very important to our history because without it, we might have never had the opportunity or idea to make computers, phones, etc. Typesetting is a composition of text material by typing. The Linotype was the greatest invention since moveable type because it was faster and more efficient and people started to see an improvement in business; for example, the newspaper. The Linotype keyboard, was very different from our keyboard today. It had the same letter sequence twice, one for uppercase and one for lower. It also had different color keys and it was sectioned off.

Shole’s typewriter

Merganthaler’s Linotype Machine

Operators using the Linotype Machine

 

The Gutenberg Press

The Gutenberg Press is a hand press where ink is rolled over a raised surface of moveable hand set block letters held within a wooden form.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moveable type is a system of printing that uses moveable components to reproduce elements of document. Porous printing is the process of creating printed things using ink. Intaglio printing is where the area of the image to be printed is recessed into the surface of the printing plate and the recessed areas are filled with ink. Lithography is the transfer of a pattern to a photosensitive to an area using radiation or light. Offset lithography is the transfer of an image onto a printing plate. The image on the printing plate is not necessarily raised or recessed. Rollers place ink onto these printing plates and that is transfered to a rubber cylinder and that transfers the inked letter onto paper.

Offset lithography presses are a lot more efficient than the Gutenberg press. This is because our technology is much more advanced and has evolved into so much more.

CMYK is the process of four color printing. When something is printed, it first goes through a cyan printer, then a magenta printer, then a yellow printer, and finally a black printer and then it is complete.

The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript

The word codex derived from the latin word meaning”block of wood” because it looked like a block of wood. It evolved from the scroll to pages bound together, basically a book. Random access, in this context, means you can turn to any page in a book and get information, while sequential access means if you are looking for specific information, you have to start reading from the beginning until you find what you need. An illuminated manuscript is basically a decorated codex. Craftsmanship is how much work and effort you put into a design to make it look decent and presentable. It shows you are passionate about what you’re doing and people see if you put effort into your work, it’s worth looking at. The codex gained so much popularity because it was portable, it had random access, and it was compact and sturdy. Books are the most modern form of the codex that we still use today.

The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript

an illuminated manuscript

a codex

a scroll

Creation of the Phonetic Alphabet

In my opinion, the Phonetic alphabet was so successful because it helped increase the Phoenician economy by making it easier to trade. A social structure of a society means all the people are organized by their relationships with others. The Roman alphabet is most used because it was quickly spread over seas and became a common international alphabet. The Greek and Phoenician alphabet were more related than the Roman alphabet except the Phoenician alphabet was simpler. The Roman alphabet is more common today and had serifs which were just extra strokes made by writes to make it look smoother, and they actually became very beneficial by making the writing more legible. Lower case letters first started in Europe by accident. Writers started writing faster and the letters just became smaller and rounder.

Alphabets

Roman Alphabet

Phoenician Alphabet

Greek Alphabet